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Cesium (Cs)
Cesium (Cs, atomic number 55) is a soft, silvery-gold, highly reactive alkali metal that melts near room temperature at approximately 28.5°C. It reacts violently with water and air. Cesium is primarily used in high-precision atomic clocks, drilling fluids, photoelectric cells, and in cancer radiation therapy using radioactive cesium isotopes.
Key Details:
Chemical Formula: Cs (elemental); common compounds include Cesium Chloride (CsCl), Cesium Hydroxide (CsOH), and Cesium Formate (CsCOOH).
Description: A soft, ductile, silvery-white to gold-colored metal belonging to the alkali metal group. Cesium is extremely reactive, particularly with water, and has the second-lowest melting point of any metal (28.5°C).
Common Uses:
- Atomic Clocks: Cesium-133 (133Cs) atoms define the international standard for the second.
- Drilling Fluids: Cesium formate is used in high-density drilling fluids for oil and gas exploration.
- Electronics: Utilized in photoelectric cells and vacuum tubes as a getter to remove trace gases.
- Medical / Industrial: Radioactive cesium-137 (137Cs) is used in radiation therapy for cancer treatment and in industrial gauges.
Cesium is highly electropositive and is the least electronegative stable element, contributing to its extreme chemical reactivity.
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