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Ammonium nitrate
Ammonium nitrate is a colorless, water-soluble crystalline salt with the formula NH4NO3. It is commonly used as a high-nitrogen (34-0-0) agricultural fertilizer and an industrial oxidizing agent in explosives. It is highly hygroscopic and decomposes at temperatures above 210°C, posing significant fire and explosion risks if improperly handled, particularly when in contact with organic materials.
Key Details:
Chemical Formula: NH4NO3 (Ammonium nitrate)
Description: White or colorless, odorless crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water and strongly hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from air).
Common Uses:
- Agriculture: High-nitrogen fertilizer (34-0-0) for crops and pastures, providing immediate nitrate and slow-release ammonium nutrition.
- Industry: Oxidizing agent in mining, construction, and quarrying explosives (e.g., ANFO — Ammonium Nitrate/Fuel Oil).
- Other: Used in instant cold packs and in the production of nitrous oxide.
Safety Note: Ammonium nitrate is a strong oxidizer and significant fire and explosion hazard. It must be stored and handled carefully to prevent hazardous decomposition, as demonstrated by incidents such as the 1947 Texas City disaster and the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing.
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